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The Newsletter At the 227th birthday of our country, we trust all of you had occasion to remember and yes to celebrate, our great good fortune as citizens of this country. Here are some thoughts by Thomas Jefferson on that subject, taken from his letter to the then mayor of Washington on June 24th, 1826 in which he declined an invitation to attend a planned July 4th celebration. Jefferson died a week later, on July 4, 1826, as did John Adams, both on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. "ALL
EYES ARE OPENED or opening to the rights of man. The general spread of
the light of Science has already laid open to every view the palpable
truth, that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their
backs, nor a favored few booted and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately,
by the grace of God. These are the grounds of hope for others. For ourselves,
let the annual return to this day forever refresh our recollections of
these rights, and an undiminished devotion to them."
While typical
hot summer days have arrived in the nation's capitol, a number of members
of the Academy have been very active on the media front. During the last
couple of months they have registered their views on TV and radio, Op-Ed
pieces, interaction with members of Congress, members of panels, and the
like. The Academy co-hosted two important meetings, drawing good turnouts.
One focused on the Middle East "Road Map," on June 3 in a session
co-hosted by the Executive Council on Diplomacy. A separate conference
on "commercial diplomacy", supported by the Cox and Delavan
Foundations, drew a group of very experienced panelists from government,
academia, and the private business sectors. Both conferences are described
further below. We also report good news on the financial front. A joint challenge grant of the Delavan and Cox Foundations is being matched by members' contributions. Our investment portfolio has been rising parallel to the stock market. And our endowment, which is still modest and will remain so, has more than doubled in the last three years and prospects for further increases are good. While there is never enough resource revenue. the Academy's finances have matured and a more stable financial future is in the offing. The support of Academy members is most appreciated, and is apparent in the increased activities of the Academy. The Academy website is drawing increased attention. We have worked hard on outreach to Academy members. I am sure each of you is aware of this since we have sent a considerable number of emails, with Op-Ed articles and analyses. We draw special attention to the text, emailed to Academy members, of the Academy's response to an article by Newt Gingrich, carried in FOREIGN POLICY magazine in its July/August issue. The magazine has assured us of its publication in its September issue. A very restful summer wish to Academy members. - Joseph J. Sisco THE ACADEMY'S 20TH YEAR In a variety of ways, the Academy is in the process of honoring its 20th year. Its Articles of Incorporation are dated July 25, 1983, and its first program events began in 1984. Recalling these anniversaries, we recently asked the remaining 28 members from the Charter group of 67 to reflect on the Academy's works and purposes in the interim since its founding. We will be sharing their commentary as it is received. We begin with this statement as received from Andy Goodpaster:
NEWT
GINGRICH In April of
this year, in remarks at the American Enterprise Institute, Newt Gingrich
questioned the President's foreign policy, Secretary Powell's performance
and the loyalty of the State Department and the Foreign Service. The Academy
responded then in letters to Senator Lugar and Congressman Hyde, (Gingrich
had recommended hearings on these issues in his remarks), taking issue
with Gingrich as an attack on the very fabric of diplomacy. PANEL DISCUSSION AT THE COSMOS CLUB On June 3, the Academy and the Executive Council on Diplomacy co-hosted a panel of distinguished speakers to discuss the recently proposed Bush "Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East." Featured speakers, Robert Hunter, Samuel Lewis and Nicholas Veliotes, were joined by moderator and Academy Chairman, Joseph Sisco, and with Executive Council Chariman, Dr. Fruzsina Harsanyi offering welcoming remarks. Held at the Cosmos Club on Massachusetts Avenue, over 70 Academy and Executive Council members attended the debate and question period with the panel. The Executive Council on Diplomacy is an educational forum, established in 1962, offered as a national public service and funded by the private sector to help the Secretary of State and the US government promote political, economic, business and cultural relations with other countries around the world. Larry Eagleberger is currently chair of its board of Overseers. It has an Ambassadors' Advisory Board, now chaired by Ambassador Ischinger of Germany, which includes Bob Hunter, Bruce Laingen, and Tom Pickering among members from the Diplomatic Corps. Its programs are open to all members of the Corps. CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY On May 6, Eighty top business executives, government officials and Congressional staff met to discuss "commercial diplomacy and the national interest" at a conference chaired by Tony Gillespie and co-hosted by the Academy and the Business Council for International Understanding (BCIU), held at Boeing's conference facilities in Rosslyn, Virginia, with full Boeing support. Participants debated how United States embassies can be effective advocates for American business interests and explored the many links between commercial diplomacy and national prosperity and security. Speakers related their own experiences in the field and discussed the lessons to be learned from their successes and failures. Speakers included Assistant Secretaries of State Elizabeth Jones and E. Anthony Wayne; Ambassadors Charles Cobb, Jeffery Davidow, Charles A. Gillespie, William Itoh, Thomas Niles, and John O'Leary. The Academy and BCIU are jointly working on a book on commercial diplomacy based on the themes examined at the conference. Publication is scheduled for later this year. ANNUAL MEETING Members of the Academy will meet for their annual meeting at 11:30AM on July 16, 2003. They will meet in the LBJ Room (S-211) of the United States Senate, their host in that historic room being Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY) in his capacity as chair of the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations of the Senate's Committee on Appropriations. FOREIGN AFFAIRS FUNDING At this point in the calendar year, it is early to make any firm predictions for FY2004 foreign affairs funding. Members will have an opportunity at our annual meeting on July 16 to get impressions directly from Senator McConnell. A key element in the fate of funding will be how Congress responds in the first year to the President's two major new initiatives in foreign assistance-the three-year, $10 billion proposal for the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) and a five-year, $15 billion HIV/AIDS Account. As prepared by the President, these amounts are to be new and in addition to-not instead of-the current aid outlays. These initiatives on the part of the President will be closely watched during his current trip to Africa. One complication is that fully developed programs for these initiatives are still a good way down the road. As Academy members know, recipients of assistance under the new MCA account will qualify only if, in the President's own words, "[they] govern justly, invest in their people and encourage economic freedom." - Stay tuned. THE MARKS FOUNDATION AWARD As reported in our last Newsletter, the award was won this year by David Quayat, a student at SAIS in Washington, writing about "Policy Options for Post-Conflict Operations in Iraq." As stipulated in the contest guidelines, the $2,500 award winner will have written a 1,500-word essay on a significant challenge facing the US and a policy option for addressing that challenge. He then defends his entry before an awards committee of Academy members and subsequently is given the opportunity to meet with a senior Department of State official. In Mr. Quayat's case, he was escorted by Sam Lewis to an extended conversation with Undersecretary of State, Marc Grossman on June 19. Notices and guidelines for the 2004 contest will go out in September 2003 to 28 schools in the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). REPORT
ON THE The Academy, which shares a suite with the headquarters of the World Affairs Councils of America (WACA) and the World Affairs Council of Washington, DC (WAC), benefits from a synergetic relationship with both of them. The first-ever World Affairs Journalism Fellowship program started last year with the goal of sending 10 journalists abroad to do investigative reporting on issues of importance in their city or region, thereby expanding the worldview and international coverage of and by local newspapers. The journalists
went to Russia, China, Brazil, Northern Ireland, Kenya, India, the Suez
Canal, Mexico, and Kazakhstan. They came home to write series in their
local papers on contaminated nuclear waste sites in Russia and Colorado,
North Carolina's furniture competition with China, the Sikhs in Chicago,
Virginia's chicken exports to Russia, family planning clinics and foreign
aid in Kenya, and the impact of the US Navy in the Middle East. The World Affairs Journalism Fellowship program is seeking foundation funds now for a second year, which the World Affairs Council hopes to start in September. Councils throughout America recruited seven of the ten winning fellows in 2002. Dick Parker was a supporting principal in WAC's Summer Institute on International Affairs held at George Washington University with 75 high school teachers. AFSA'S POLITICAL ACTION GROUP In May 2001, Tom Boyatt and Bill Harrop, in collaboration with a leading professional lobbyist, Andrew Manatos-who donated his time pro bono -launched a lobbying effort to help persuade the Congress to appropriate adequate resources for the conduct of US international relations. Established under IRS 501(c)(6), the Committee for International Involvement (CII) was a low profile organization, non tax-exempt, short of a full-fledged PAC but free to lobby, raise funds, and organize political support for selected politicians. It planned to draw upon retired diplomats across the country to arrange constituent parties and fundraisers for members of Congress in position to influence 150 Account appropriations. Several others, including Academy members Roy Atherton, Arthur Hartman, Steve Low and Leonard Marks contributed funds to CII. However, in early 2002 the board of the American Foreign Service Association voted to institute a more formal Political Action Committee to work toward the same objective and named it AFSA-PAC. Members of AFSA have generously supported this enterprise. Under these circumstances, the founders of The Committee for International Involvement decided that CII had become redundant and that its mission could more effectively be carried out by AFSA-PAC. Accordingly, CII was terminated in June 2003. AFSA-PAC, required by the terms of its charter to donate equally to Republicans and Democrats, is in full operation and promises to reinforce Secretary Powell's drive to build support in the Congress for American diplomatic readiness. NEWLY PUBLISHED/PLANNED BOOKS In addition to the article by Newt Gingrich on "The Failure of US Diplomacy" in the current issue of Foreign Policy, we commend a 23 page special report by the Carnegie Endowment, "From Victory to Success: Afterwar Policy in Iraq", which can be accessed at www.foreignpolicy.com. All the Shah's Men: The Hidden Story of the CIA Coup in Iran, by New York Times correspondent, Stephen Kizner details the CIA covert operation that overturned the elected government of Iran in August 1953. Mr. Kizner gives an hour-by-hour reconstruction of the events, and concludes that although the coup seemed successful a first, its "haunting and terrible legacy" is now becoming clear. All The Shah's Men will be in bookstores by August 19, the 50th anniversary of the coup. In Breaking the Real Axis of Evil: How to Oust the World's Last Dictators by 2025, due for release in October, 2003, Mark Palmer contends that the ousting of the world's remaining 44 dictators in most cases depends not on military force, but bringing together the world's democracies and democrats to open closed societies. Brandon Grove is at work on an autobiographical memoir titled At home as a Wanderer; an American diplomat's Life and Work, planned for publication in the Diplomats and Diplomacy Book Series of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training (ADST). Roger Kirk is editing a memoir of his parents' diplomatic life during World War II and later in Brussels, Moscow and Taipei. The Associates of the American Foreign Service Worldwide (AAFSW) has published a 275-page book entitled Realities of Foreign Service Life, recommended according to AAFSW as a great read for newcomers or veterans of the Foreign Service and for anyone considering such a career. Lincoln Gordon has managed the publication by Brookings of a book titled Brazil's Second Chance; Enroute toward the first World. Originally published in Portuguese, it covers the 31-month presidency of Joao Goulart, described by the publishers as "the most critical period in Brazil's history since WWII". Among recent books from USIP is The US and Coercive Diplomacy, edited by Brandeis University Professor, Robert Art and USAID Assistant Administrator Patrick Cronin. The Institute
for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University publishes
a "Strategic Forum Series" on national security strategy and
defense policy. A recent timely one in that series is The ROK-US Alliance:
Where is it Headed? For online access to this series, go to www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/h6.html. AMBASSADORIAL NOMINATIONS We are not aware of major ambassadorial changes in the immediate future, but the upcoming fourth year of this administration may begin to see them. A new ambassador soon to be on the spot in Turkey is Eric Edelman (Career). Speculation continues regarding the anticipated departure of Blackwell from India: five nominations recently arrived at the Foreign Relations Committee were for Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea and Colombia-all career. The nomination of career officer Robert Fitts noted that he is the "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Papua New Guinea and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Solomon Islands and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Vanuatu". We assume his calling card includes some abbreviation. Ambassador Bob Pearson, concluding his tour in Ankara is expected to become the new Director General of the Foreign Service, succeeding Ruth Davis. Ambassador Ruth Davis announced her resignation for health reasons on May 27, 2003. Ms. Davis will manage the Rangel Program at Howard University, which supports efforts to attract and prepare minority students for possible entry into the Foreign Service. On a related matter, dealing with the broader issue of Presidential nominations, the final report of the Presidential Appointee Initiative at the Brookings Institution, winding up a four-year study, notes that it takes an average of 8.7 months following inauguration for the Bush administration to get a nominee from nomination through Senate confirmation and into his job. The average was 8.3 months for the Clinton and Bush I administrations, up from 5.32 months during the Reagan period. There are about 500 executive branch positions, including ambassadors, requiring Senate confirmation. The Institute published a "Survivor's Guide for Presidential Nominees" in 2000. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY There follows a statement by the office of the State Department's spokesman on June 5:
At this point, we have not seen the names of the 10-12 members. NEWS OF MEMBERS The Library of Congress on June 18 sponsored two symposia in which Henry Kissinger, Jim Schlesinger, Joe Sisco and Hal Sonnenfeldt were featured speakers. The first panel focused on "Henry Kissinger, the Statesman, the Historian, the Memorialist" and included prominent Yale Professors as well. The second meeting focused on the Nixon Administration foreign policy. Both were covered by C-SPAN. Bill Swing was appointed the new UN Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of Congo, effective July 1, 2003. Mr. Swing has served as Ambassador to Haiti and five African countries including South Africa, Nigeria, Liberia, People's Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa). Chas W. Freeman and J. Stapleton Roy spoke at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, in its China program's special lunch forum on "Explaining the Turnaround in the US-China Relationship." The seminar, held on April 11, was the first in a yearlong discussion series examining the durability of the current Sino-US rapprochement. The American Foreign Service Association (AFSA) presented its 9th Annual Award for "Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy" to George Shultz on June 26, in a ceremony in the Ben Franklin Room of the State Department. Secretary Colin Powell made the presentation citing Shultz as "a true representative of principled American statesmanship." The award in 2002 went to Tom Pickering. Ray Seitz, Warren Zimmerman and Jim Jones took part in the Ditchley Foundation's program in England on "Underlying Approaches to International Relations," June 27-29. Jerry Leach and Sir Eldon Griffiths, President and Chairman respectively of the World Affairs Councils of America were also among the 40-member discussion group. Dick Solomon spoke on April 22 in DACOR's lecture forum series on the work of the US Institute of Peace, where he is president. Ed Walker will occupy this year's Sol Linowitz Chair in International Relations at Hamilton College for the fall semester. Several members of the Academy have been honored to hold the chair since its founding, including Brandon Grove, Roy Atherton, Sam Lewis, Bruce Laingen, Harry Barnes, Steve Bosworth, and Brian Atwood. Lee Hamilton contributed to a joint discussion with former Ambassador William Brown at DePauw University on April 22 on "The Middle East: The Past, Present and Future." As president of the National Council for Science and the Environment, Richard Benedick presided over the organization's annual conference in Washington from January 30-31 featuring over 700 international participants and speakers. During March and May in Berlin, Mr. Benedick conducted two four-day seminars on environmental diplomacy for young diplomats from 29 nations. In May Sam and Sally Lewis traveled along the Colorado and Snake Rivers in Idaho and Western Montana. This was Sam's 4th trip along portions of the route of the Lewis and Clark expedition. The official celebration commemorating the start of the expedition will take place in 2004,recalling also this year's bicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase. Thomas Pickering spoke on "The United States, Russia, China: Where Do We Stand?" as part of the Cleveland Council on World Affairs' Globalization Series on April 29. Bill Harrop, Tom Boyatt and Hank Cohen are among those career activists who teamed with others in the Service thirty years ago this summer to achieve AFSA's certification as the exclusive representation-labor union-for the US Foreign Service, in addition to its role as a professional body. Bill Macomber, another Academy member, served as Undersecretary for Administration at that time. Curtis Kamman, with the World Affairs Council in DC and the Elliott School of International Affairs, chaired an all day conference in March on Latin America. He discussed Columbia's political problems at an all day conference at Northwestern University in April. This fall, as a Visiting Distinguished Diplomat, he will teach, for the third year, the course, "Diplomacy and US Foreign Policy" at Notre Dame. On May 9, at the Department of State's Foreign Affairs Day, Joan Clark was awarded the Director General's Cup at a luncheon in the Ben Franklin Room. Director General Ruth Davis presented the award. The National Defense University awarded George F. Kennan an honorary Doctorate of National Security Affairs at its graduation on June 10. Ambassador Kennan's distinguished career was recognized, and he was noted as the "Father of Containment" and the "interpreter of Russia to the West." Ambassador Kennan's daughter, Joan Kennan accepted the honorary degree on behalf of her father. Robert Gallucci is succeeding Susan Schwab as head of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA). Two Phillips Talbot Fellowships for the study of South Asian affairs will be established at the Institute of Current World Affairs in Hanover, NH, where Phil is a trustee. The continuous two-year fellowship will be considered an early segment of a career aimed at improving US understanding of South Asia through public service, teaching or journalism. Richard Holbrooke serves as President of the Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS. Madeline Albright chaired the Pew Global Attitudes Project, sponsored by the Pew Research Center and published on June 3, 2003. The project conducted 16,000 interviews in 31 languages in 20 nations and in the Palestinian Authority. Lee Hamilton and Bruce Laingen were participants on a Capitol Hill panel organized by Congressmen Ney (R-OH) and Snyder (D-AR) on June 24 on "The Future of US-Iran Relations." Other panelists were Ken Katzman of CRS and Giandomenico Picco, formerly with the UN. That future remains clearly undefined. Brian Atwood is a board member of the Academy for Educational Development, where Sol Linowitz is honorary chair. On July 1, Bruce Laingen took part in 60th Anniversary events at the Navy Memorial of the V-12 program of WWII. Warren Christopher and probably other Academy members were also Navy V-12 entrants in 1943. EMAIL AS A COURIER We are impressed
and proud of the number of Op-Ed articles and other material by Academy
members that are appearing currently in the media and on the Web. We have
begun a practice of forwarding all of current and substantive interest
that we come across to all AAD members with email addresses and, where
we can, to those with only FAX addresses. We have one related request
and that is to ask that wherever possible you indicate the fact of your
Academy membership in your submissions. The Academy welcomes being identified
with you! QUOTABLE QUOTES "One
principle stands out for me from my time as Secretary of State. Strength
and diplomacy have to go hand in hand. I cringe when I hear people say,
"Now is the time for the diplomatic option or the military option."
The point is, strength and diplomacy go together. They complement each
other and support each other. If you have no strength, you have no diplomatic
hand to play. And if you have no diplomacy, your strength loses the support
so vital for its success." "Ultimately,
massive military power must be coupled to a set of values, precepts and
understandings to which other democratic nations can plausibly subscribe-even
if they do not uphold every one of those values every day or join every
campaign. "…in
any case, America is not, nor will ever be, Rome. It is simply not in
America's national DNA to impose a pax Romana. We are a nation whose reason
for existence is to maximize freedom. We cannot be, in any traditional
sense, an empire". "It is
said that Lord Palmerston in the 1840's as the British Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs, when the first telegram arrived at his desk, commented,
"My God, this is the end of Diplomacy." "Ambiguity
- that cardinal virtue of diplomacy." QUOTABLE STATISTICS A total of 24 American Ambassadors have died in the line of duty since 1945. Since the end of the Vietnam War, five have been killed while on duty. They include Cleo Noel Jr., Roger Davies, Francis E. Meloy, Jr., Adolph Dubs and Arnold Raphel. Fifty-five Department of state personnel were killed in the line of duty in the last ten years. Department of State employees and their families have experienced 188 post evacuations since 1988.
THE
NEWSLETTER
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